BHARAT RATNA AWARD...2014

BHARAT RATNA AWARD

                                                                    
Bharat Ratna Award (Front side)                            Bharat Ratna Award (Reverse Side)

Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian honour, given for exceptional service towards advancement of Art, Literature and Science and in recognition of Public Service of the highest order. The provision of Bharat Ratna was introduced in 1954. The first ever Indian to receive this award was the famous scientist, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman and then Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan.

There is no written provision that Bharat Ratna should be awarded to Indian citizens only. The award has been awarded to a naturalized Indian citizen, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known as Mother Teresa (1980) and to two non-Indians – Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Nelson Mandela (1990). It is also not mandatory that Bharat Ratna be awarded every year.

The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the Hindi legend "Bharat Ratna" above and a floral wreath below. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon. This design was altered after a year.

Award Information

Type                            Civilian

Category                     National

Description                  An image of the Sun along with the words "Bharat Ratna", inscribed in Devanagari script, on a peepal leaf

Instituted                    1954

First awarded              1954

Awarded by                Government of India

First awardee(s)          C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. V. Raman,

Bharat Ratna Award Winners (1980-2014)

Year Awardees                                                             Discipline

1980  Mother Teresa                                      Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity and Nobel Prize winner

1983  Vinoba Bhave                                       Awarded after his death, freedom fighter and social reformer, founder of Bhoodan Movement and a true Gandhian

1987  Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan                      Freedom fighter and first non-citizen, first foreigner (citizen of Pakistan)

1988  M.G Ramachandran                              Awarded after his death, film actor and Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu

1990  Nelson Mandela                                    Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient from South Africa

         B.R. Ambedkar                                      Awarded after his death, chief architect of the Indian Constitution, economist and politician and lawyer.

1991  Morarji Desai                                         Freedom fighter and 5th Prime Minister of India

         Vallabhbhai Patel                                   Awarded after his death, freedom fighter and first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India

         Rajiv Gandhi                                          Awarded after his deatch, 7th Prime Minister of India

1992  Satyajit Ray                                          Famous filmmaker

         J.R.D. Tata                                            Industrialist and philanthropist

         Abul Kalam Azad                                   Awarded after his death, freedom fighter and first Minister of Education

1997  Aruna Asaf Ali                                      Awarded after his death, freedom fighter

         Gulzarilal Nanda                                     Freedom fighter and interim Prime Minister

         A.P.J Abdul Kalam                                Aeronautical Engineer and 11th President of India, father of India’s missile projects.

1998  Chidambaram Subramaniam                  Freedom fighter and Minister of Agriculture

         M.S.Subbulakshmi                                 Classical carnatic singer

1999  Gopinath Bordoloi                                 Awarded after his death, freedom fighter and Chief Minister of Assam

          Amartya Sen                                        Economist and Nobel Prize winner

         Ravi Shankar   Sitar player

         Jayaprakash Narayan                             Awarded after his death, freedom fighter and a socialist thinker and fighter for human rights–associated with the concept of Total Revolution and Partyless Government

2001  Bismillah Khan                                     Hindustani classical shehnai player

         Lata Mangeshkar                                   Playback singer with a golden voice

2008  Bhimsen Joshi                                      Hindustani classical singer

2009 to 2013             —                                  None

2014                        C. N. R. Rao                       Chemist

2014                        Sachin Tendulkar             Cricketer

List of all Bharat Ratna awardees so far:

1. CNR Rao in 2014 for Chemistry:
2. Sachin R Tendulkar in 2014 for Cricket: Maharashtra
3. Late Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi in 2008 : Karnataka
4. Kumari Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar in 2001 : Maharashtra
5. Late Ustad Bismillah Khan in 2001 for contribution in the field of Arts : Uttar Pradesh
6. Prof. Amartya Sen in1999 for Literature & Education : United Kingdom
7. Lokpriya Gopinath (posth.) Bordoloi in1999, for Public Affairs : Assam
8. Loknayak Jayprakash (Posth.) Narayan in 1999 for Public Affairs: Bihar
9. Pandit Ravi Shankar in 1999 for his contribution in the field of Arts : United States
10. Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam in 1998 for Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu
11. Smt. M.S. Subbulakshmi in 1998 for her contribution in the field of Arts : Tamil Nadu
12. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam in 1997 for his contribution in the field of Science and Engineering : Delhi
13. Smt. Aruna Asaf (Posth.) Ali in 1997 for her contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Delhi
14. Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda in 1997 for his contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Gujarat
15. Shri JRD Tata in 1992 for his contribution in the field of Trade & Industry : Maharashtra
16. Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in 1992 for his contribution in Public Affairs : West Bengal
17. Shri Satyajit Ray in 1992 for his contribution in the field of Arts : West Bengal
18. Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai in 1991 for his contribution in Public Affairs : Gujarat
19. Shri Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 for his contribution in Public Affairs : Delhi
20. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1991 for his contribution in Public Affairs : Gujarat
21. Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedakr in 1990 for his contribution in Public Affairs : Maharashtra
22. Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela in 1990 for his contribution in Public Affairs : South Africa
23. Shri Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran in 1988 for contribution in Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu
24. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in 1987 for contribution in the field of Social Work : Pakistan
25. Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1983 for contribution in the field of Social Work : Maharashtra
26. Mother Teresa in 1980 for contribution in the field of Social Work : West Bengal
27. Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj in 1976 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu
28. Shri V.V. Giri in 1975 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Orissa
29. Smt. Indira Gandhi in 1971 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
30. Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
31. Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane in 1963 for contribution in the field of Social Work : Maharashtra
32. Dr. Zakir Hussain in 1963 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Andhra Pradesh
33. Dr. Rajendra Prasad in 1962 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Bihar
34. Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy in 1961 for contribution in the Field of Public Affairs: West Bengal
35. Shri Purushottam Tandon in 1961 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
36. Dr. Dhondo Keshav Karve in 1958 for contribution in the field of Social Work : Maharashtra
37. Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant in 1957 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
38. Dr. Bhagwan Das in 1955 for contribution in Literature & Education : Uttar Pradesh
39. Shri Jawaharlal Nehru in 1955 for contribution in the field of Public Affairs : Uttar Pradesh
40. Dr. M. Vishweshwariah in 1955 for contribution in the field of Civil Service : Karnataka
41. Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari in 1954 for contribution in Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu
42. Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman in 1954 in Science & Engineering: Tamil Nadu
43. Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan in 1954 for contribution in Public Affairs : Tamil Nadu

List of recipients

	Name	Image	Birth / death	Awarded	Notes
1.	Chakravarti Rajagopalachari		1878–1972	1954	Independence activist, last Governor-General
2.	C. V. Raman		1888–1970	1954	Physicist
3.	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan		1888–1975	1954	Philosopher, second President
4.	Bhagwan Das		1869–1958	1955	Independence activist, author
5.	Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya		1861–1962	1955	Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
6.	Jawaharlal Nehru		1889–1964	1955	Independence activist, author, first Prime Minister
7.	Govind Ballabh Pant		1887–1961	1957	Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister
8.	Dhondo Keshav Karve		1858–1962	1958	Educator, social reformer
9.	Bidhan Chandra Roy		1882–1962	1961	Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal
10.	Purushottam Das Tandon		1882–1962	1961	Independence activist, educator
11.	Rajendra Prasad		1884–1963	1962	Independence activist, jurist, first President
12.	Zakir Hussain		1897–1969	1963	Scholar, third President
13.	Pandurang Vaman Kane		1880–1972	1963	Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
14.	Lal Bahadur Shastri		1904–1966	1966	Posthumous, independence activist, second Prime Minister
15.	Indira Gandhi		1917–1984	1971	Third Prime Minister
16.	V. V. Giri		1894–1980	1975	Trade unionist and fourth President
17.	K. Kamaraj		1903–1975	1976	Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu State
18.	Mother Teresa		1910–1997	1980	Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
19.	Vinoba Bhave		1895–1982	1983	Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist
20.	Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan		1890–1988	1987	First non-citizen, independence activist
21.	M. G. Ramachandran		1917–1987	1988	Posthumous, film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
22.	B. R. Ambedkar		1891–1956	1990	Posthumous, chief architect of the Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and scholar
23.	Nelson Mandela		b. 1918	1990	Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
24.	Rajiv Gandhi		1944–1991	1991	Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister
25.	Vallabhbhai Patel		1875–1950	1991	Posthumous, independence activist, first Home Minister
26.	Morarji Desai		1896–1995	1991	Independence activist, fourth Prime Minister
27.	Abul Kalam Azad		1888–1958	1992	Posthumous, independence activist, first Minister of Education
28.	J. R. D. Tata		1904–1993	1992	Industrialist and philanthropist
29.	Satyajit Ray		1922–1992	1992	Bengali filmmaker
30.	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam		b. 1931	1997	Aeronautical Engineer,11th President of India
31.	Gulzarilal Nanda		1898–1998	1997	Independence activist, interim Prime Minister
32.	Aruna Asaf Ali		1908–1996	1997	Posthumous, independence activist
33.	M. S. Subbulakshmi		1916–2004	1998	Carnatic classical singer
34.	Chidambaram Subramaniam		1910–2000	1998	Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture
35.	Jayaprakash Narayan		1902–1979	1999	Posthumous, independence activist and politician
36.	Ravi Shankar		b. 1920	1999	Sitar player
37.	Amartya Sen		b. 1933	1999	Economist
38.	Gopinath Bordoloi		1890–1950	1999	Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam
39.	Lata Mangeshkar		b. 1929	2001	Playback singer
40.	Bismillah Khan		1916–2006	2001	Hindustani classical shehnai player
41.	Bhimsen Joshi		1922–2011	2008	Hindustani classical singer

42. C. N. R. Rao                                                                        Chemist           2014 

43. Sachin Tendulkar                                                              Cricketer          2014

Foreign recipients - Nelson Mandela (1990)