INDIAN MUSIC
Music of India includes numerous varieties of folk, popular, pop and classical music. India's classical music tradition, including Carnatic and Hindustani music, has
a history spanning millennia and developed over several eras. Music in India
began as an integral part of socio-religious life and that Indian music is
essentially melodic: sounds follow one another expressing an emotional state in
an aesthetic unity.
Two main traditions of classical music are Carnatic music, found predominantly
in the peninsular regions, and Hindustani music, found in the northern and
central regions. Basic understanding of this music includes - Shruti,
Swara, Alankar, Rāga, Tāla. Its tonal system divides the octave into 22
segments called shrutis, not all equal but each roughly equal to one quarter of
a whole tone of Western music. Melody is based on the system of ragas.
Light
Classical Music:
Light classical or
semi-classical music include Thumri, Dadra, Ghazal, Chaiti, Kajri, Kaththa and
Tappa.
Rabindra
Sangeet:
“Rabindra Sangeet” means Songs of Rabindra. It is also known as Tagore Songs, are songs written
and composed by Rabindranath Tagore. They have
distinctive characteristics in the music
of Bengal, popular in India and Bangladesh. Rabindranath Tagore writing in Bengali, over 2,000 songs now known by Bengalis as 'rabindra
sangeet' whose form is
primarily influenced by Hindustani classical, sub-classical, Karnatic, Western,
Bauls, Bhatiyali and different folk songs of India. The national anthem of
India and national anthem of Bangladesh is Rabindra Sangeets.
Bihu
of Assam:
Bihu dances and songs accompanied by traditional drums and wind
instruments are essential part of this festival. Bihu is the festival of New Year of Assam falling on mid April. This is a festival of nature and
mother earth where the first day is for the cows and buffalos. Second day is
for the man.
Dandiya:
It is practiced in (mainly) the state of Gujrat. Actually Dandiya is a
kind of dance rather than music, the music is called a Garba in local
language. It is a form of
dance-oriented folk music that has also been adapted for pop music. The present
musical style is derived from the traditional musical accompaniment to the folk
dance.
Ganasangeet:
It is generally sung in chorus carrying some social message. The songs
are usually about Freedom, community strength, patriotism. Due to the British occupation in India, a lot
of protest songs about anti-imperialism/pro-socialism have been written in
India. Examples: Apni
Azadi Ko Hum Hargis Mita Sakte Nahin, ajadee hoyni tor, Kadam
kadam badhaye jaa, Vande
Mataram, etc.
Uttarakhandi
Music:
The folk music primarily is related to the various festivals, religious
traditions, folk stories and simple life of the people of Uttarakhand. The pure and blessed music have the feel and the touch of
nature and subjects related to nature. Musical instruments used in Uttarakhand music include the dhol, damoun, turri, ransingha, dholki,
daur, thali, bhankora and masakbhaja. Tabla and harmonium are used lesser
extent. The main languages are Kumaoni and Garhwali.
Lavani:
Lavani is a combination of traditional song and dance, which
particularly performed to the enchanting beats of 'Dholaki', a drum-like
instrument. Dance performed by attractive women wearing nine-yard saris. They
are sung in a quick tempo. It comes from the word Lavanya which means beauty. This is one
of the most popular forms of dance and music of Maharashtra. Traditionally, the
songs are sung by female artistes, but male artistes may occasionally sing Lavanis.
The dance format associated with Lavani is known as Tamasha. Lavani originated in the arid region of Maharashtra and
Madhya Pradesh.
Rajasthan:
The haunting melody of Rajasthan suggests from a variety of delightfully
primitive looking instruments. The stringed variety includes the Sarangi,
Rawanhattha, Kamayacha, Morsing and Ektara. Percussion instruments come in all
shapes and sizes from the huge Nagaras and Dhols to the tiny Damrus. Rajasthan has a very
diverse cultural collection of musician castes, including Langas, Sapera, Bhopa, Jogi and Manganiyar (lit. the ones who ask/beg). Rajasthan Diary quotes it as a soulful, full-throated music with Harmonious
diversity. Flutes and bagpipers come in local flavours such as Shehnai, Poongi,
Algoza, Tarpi, Been and Bankia.
Some Popular Music:
Film music, Non-Indian music, Indi-pop music
Rock & metal music:
Raga rock, Indian rock
Dance music:
Indian hip hop
Jazz & Blues:
Western Classical Music:
SANGEET NATAK AKADEMI:
The National Academy
for Music, Dance and Drama (in English) is the national level academy for
performing arts set up by the Government of India. It was set up by the Indian
education ministry in 31st May, 1952 and became functional the following year,
with the appointment of its first Chairman, Dr. P. V. Rajamannar. Dr Rajendra
Prasad, the first President of India, inaugurated it on 28th January, 1953 in a
special function held in the Parliament House. Academi's Fellowship and Award
are considered very prestigious. The Sangeet Natak Akademi Award is the highest
national recognition given to practicing artistes. It carries a purse money of
Rs. 50,000/-, a shawl, and a tamrapatra (a brass plaque). Each year the Academy
also awards Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowships, 'Ratna Sadsya', to distinguished
individuals for their contribution to the field of arts, music, dance and
theater.
Match the following Instruments with Gurus:
INSTRUMENTS NAME OF THE
GURU
1.
Violin a.
Amjad Ali Khan / Budhdev Das Gupta
2.
Tabla b.
Bismillah Khan
3.
Sarod c.
Dr. L. Subramaniam / M.S. Gopalkrishnan
4.
Shehnai d.
Zakir Hussain / Alla Rakha
5.
Sitar e.
Vishwamohan Bhatt
6.
Mohan Veena / Guitar f. Pandit Ravi Shankar
7.
Flute g.
Hari Prasad Chaurasia
8.
Santoor h.
Sabir Khan
9.
Sarangi i.
Shiv Kumar Sharma
10.
Piano j.
S. Balachander
11.
Saraswati Veena k. Gopalan Gownder
12.
Mridangam l. Kartic Trivedi
ANSWERS
1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b, 5-f,
6-e, 7-g, 8-i, 9-h, 10-l, 11-j, 12-k
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